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Morality and Self-Interest

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Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Steppenwolf » Wed Mar 05, 2003 9:46 am

""kingdom"? More like a shire. If not a canton. Not for long if things keep going at the rate they are in terms of habitat plunder and destruction. More of that 'this one is for you and these 20 are for me' sorta HIERARCHY shit. Middle-Class Background&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;i been to the beach at least every three years and mostly every year for the past 30. Low tide at one time was a shell bonanza. And live stuff too. The waves would be thick with mole crabs at low tide. And coquinas. And they're gone now. Here and there find half a clam shell and some busted up dead coral. <br> <br>Fish farming is UNsustainability 4X. Cuz the tastiest fish are the carnivores. It takes Four times the weight in wild fish to feed one farm fish. And so these carnivore fish are being bred in numbers far exceeding what the planet's aquatic web of life can provide in terms of other fish to feed all them fish eating fish. <br> <br>Herbivores are losing out too. To cow n' chicken feedlots. Ever experience feedlots on a large scale? I don't see how anyone could do that and not feel the oppression." <br> <br>Thought I'd repost that of yours Raindog (not on the veganism thread, since I'm not going to spam it~ I've spammed here enough that it doesn't matter) with a 'very nice' attached [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img] Agree with it all- and I hope people aren't thinking I'm using the hierarchy posts I've done as an anti-anarchist point~ I was trying to be more subtle than that. I lived next to a farm whilst growing up &amp; I harbour little illusions about the 'gentle farmer' and his 'respect' for his 'charges'; the coral thing drives all my friends mad as its the only thing I go on &amp; on &amp; on about when annoyed by more bad news in the ecosphere. ('Coral reefs provide 25% of fish species with habitat &amp; food. We're overfishing the sea to the point of extinction. Do you have any conception of what that means?!? Picture grass dying all over the world &amp; you might get close...etc')I don't think that Americans get the whole 'depleted ecosystem' thing since (although under pressure) they/you still got some wilderness left- try Britain where everywhere (almost) is a patchwork of fields, where even hedgerows get pulled out nowadays. <br> <br>Oh well, merely to say 'nice'. [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img]

Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Steppenwolf » Mon Mar 03, 2003 10:06 pm

Erm, yes I did.(not in colour though) And have been posting pathetic pleas to get the knowledge. I assumed the FAQ on the header was the 101 FAQ... Thankyou: not only for the info, but the compliment on another thread ('that was nice'- I take it as a compliment, since in the UK it can have a different connitation [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img]) I'm not sure how to respond to compliments, other than. Cheers [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img] Enjoy the bud [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/tongue.gif[/img] <br> <br>Now: waiting for Anonymous to post back, unless he's trolling...

Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Guest » Mon Mar 03, 2003 7:11 am

[color=green]since I lack the ability to do the multi-coloured thing</font color=green> <br> <br>You typed that didn't you? Check the forum FAQ for directions. NOT the ubiquitous anarchist FAQ, but the one in the menu along the top of the page here on the forum. <br>

Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Steppenwolf » Sun Mar 02, 2003 10:38 pm

Ok: I'm not going to play the selective quotation game, nor am I going to fall into attacking the 'Wow. You're incredibly arrogant for not making any sense' when I explicitly stated it might sound like that. That was part of the point. Visa vie 'Dominate' etc. <br> <br>A few points, since I lack the ability to do the multi-coloured thing, read them in order: <br>1)you can read 'groups' however you wish to. <br>2)I didn't mention 'animal rights'- I merely stated that Some 'Animal Rights Groups' held that position- don't do a a.d.d. or whatever the logical term is. <br>3) Oh wow! You make the point that from beginnings in social terms we have moved on- when I explictly MAKE THIS POINT in a part of my answer you ignore. Gee. Wow. <br>4)" but I do realize the differences between biology and Darwinian theory." What are they? My point was about Social Interaction, something you HAVE NOT TACKLED. See point 3) in which you ignored my points about technology &amp; language. See "And also, when I say "social" I am implying "human," as in society. " Again: you have not stated where the difference, in your eyes, is. I have. You have not. <br>5)"Animals don't do this, things like packs are inherent or instinctual" Right. That's why social formation in animals developes, and not all animals have the same social structure. Ho-hum. Again, you can semantically nit-pick and say "wooowooo you said 'leader' when it means this' but I tackled this at the end of the post. I explicitly stated that the terms do not cross over: this, if you missed the sense of 'gibberish' was the point of defining 'Dominance' &amp; 'Domineer'- these two words cannot be used on animals, hierarchy can because of its definition. Animals/human domains don't have self-consciousness as the difference in their constitution. I guess that bit was 'gibberish' as well. Intentionality doesn't explain social mores. (Unless you claim, as you have done, its only about human relations. If you want, you can bring in intentionality, but animals have intentionality since they actively engage in social behaviour to jostle for position in their social groups. Explain that.) Again, you ignored the last part so *ho-hum*. Selective hearing applies. <br>6)My analogy between the human expert and the wolf pack was STATED as 'not one human leading others but...' Thus the analogy was specifically one regarding two human conceptions- of course the example isn't going to be exact- thus 'like'- a trope called a simile. <br>7)Lastly conflation is the application of terms in the same way to both groups. (Human/animal) I stated 'The anthropomorphic tendancy is to equate the two, when it is our (post-technological) western way of putting it' and placed them both in ''. Thus I wasn't using them in directly the same way. <br> <br>'Hierarchy' is as good a term as any for the social make up of wolf-packs. Obviously the two are different in respects, but if your only disagreement is intentionality then? *ooh* You started off stating that animals have no society and ended up talking about rights; then you state "You can't equate human relationships to those of non-human animals. I always thought that that was obvious." when I stated that the two differ in two solid ways &amp; stated: "Animals do neither, unless you're talking about the population limitation thing, and they don't do that with intent. In fact, my post may be described as 'domineering' or trying to exert 'dominance' but animals &lt;B&gt;really don't&lt;/b&gt; and the suggestion they do is ludicrous. Understand that the 'exercise control over' means with intention, not as a by-product of 'what works' (i.e. creates a dynamic but semi-stable food-web)." <br>This, as far as I can read it, states exactly your 'criticism'- that you can't use dominance regarding animals. Hierarchy has no such implication of intention. Bees can be labelled hierarchal down to the definition. Btw, don't make a muppet out of yourself and say 'intentionality' and 'intent' are the same thing. They ain't. One is a mode of existence toward the world looking-to etc the other a future based planning. <br> <br>So, your 'stunning attack' of my 'ignorant arrogance' is that of terminology, your first point. I stated myself, before your criticism, that dominance cannot be applied to the animal 'world' so that leaves hierarchy. <br> <br>Ok, try this. Oxford Dictionary of Ecology, second edition: <br> <br>'Hierarchy. 1. A form of organisation in which certain elements of a system regulate the activity of other elements. 2. A form of social organisation in which individuals, or groups of individuals, possess different degrees of status, affecting feeding, mating behaviour etc.' <br> <br>So, mr 'non-arrogant', you can apply the terms to only humans, and believe that humans are a special catagory beacuse only we have socialisation but most of the scientific, ecological and rest of world apply it to the whole of nature. You can say that this is because we're all terrible 'archists' but that simply isn't true, and your selective quotation of my post suggests you're simply deluded and not willing to listen to others who don't share your view. That is not anarchist, as far as I'm aware. If you want to try to get into language &amp; technology, this arrogant s.o.b is more than happy to play. <br> <br>If your point is simply, as I stated in the first post, that humans can't retroactively ascribe meaning onto animal relations because of our position, then you're missing the point of my post. I'll state it again. Thinking that way, in ascribing human intent backwards is wrong, but not because it cannot be done (because we're /so/ different or so more advanced) but because it assumes a huge difference where there is none. Again: the only two things animal &amp; human socialisation have different is technology &amp; language. So- in your eyes, what is the difference between the two? And please, don't say 'self-consciousness' or 'intentionality'. I get the idea that animals don't plan ahead or try to form new societies, and rarely change their environments but: <br>why not in your eyes? why do they not have 'society'?

Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Guest » Sun Mar 02, 2003 9:42 pm

Your post is more gibberish than an actual argument. <br> <br>[color=green]'Hierarchy: a system or organisation in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority'</font color=green> <br> <br>[color=green]People</font color=green>! And I think that groups implies *groups of people* otherwise it would have also included non-human animals in your little definition. Essentially, the definition that you found agrees with my assertion that hierarchy is only a human phenomenon since it excludes animals. <br> <br>[color=green]Your conception: we're foisting off our (human) perspective of what social order is on animals, when they operate under nothing more than biological (read Darwinian) models of self-preservation &amp; procreation. [N.B. this &lt;I&gt;is&lt;/i&gt; a common misnoma in animal rights organisations s&lt;/i&gt;et al]</font color=green> <br> <br>I'm really having a hard time interpreting this since I don't believe in "animal rights" nor does my arguement imply that--- since rights are a social phenomenon and not applicable to non-human animals. <br> <br>[color=green]My conception: Our human conception of social order is largely based on animal models, is derived from it, and &lt;B&gt;before advanced language&lt;/b&gt;, was probably similar if not the same.</font color=green> <br> <br>Yes, possibly at one time, but human organization and communication has advanced in a far different way than wolf packs and mating calls. <br> <br>[color=green] &lt;Advanced&gt; Language inserts here a differenciation (or to put it Foucault: the beginnings of micropower) Basic Darwinian theory explains little (barring trite &amp; crude expolations of 'altruism=self-interest really') about complex &lt;B&gt;social&lt;/b&gt; interactions within animals.&lt;B&gt;This is not to say that 'might is right' or any other simple &amp; crude theory of human interaction, that dates way back to Callicles [Plato, Republic], is correct&lt;/b&gt;.</font color=green> <br> <br>I really don't understand what you're trying to say. I am not the proponent of [color=green]Basic Darwinian Theory</font color=green> that you seem to think. This is a false assumption that you also asserted earlier, but I do realize the differences between biology and Darwinian theory. <br> <br>And also, when I say "social" I am implying "human," as in society. <br> <br>[color=green]I'll put it simply: animals DO have social orders, and they DO form hierarchies, in which one animal, or a pair, often function as leaders of troups/groups.</font color=green> <br> <br>Animals can't be "leaders." Only humans can be leaders. Animals aren't conciously leading other animals. Think about it. What is it to be a leader? a leader can be one that takes on extra responsibilities for a group or one that leads by example. Animals don't do this, things like packs are inherent or instinctual. Do you know why animals don't question these so-called hierarchies? Because they don't exist and animals don't consciously create them nor consciously follow them. <br> <br>[color=green]Hierarchal males often enjoy priveleged mating chances, better food etc whilst females often enjoy care &amp; attention of other females (since they have first preference for breeding). It should be noted that carnivores &lt;i&gt;do&lt;/i&gt; usually form this kind of relation, but herbivores do also, the bias being due mainly to time-energy maxims. (i.e. meat=more energy=more free time). Language within animals is hotly debated, but various animals (from primates to felines to birds etc etc) have signifying calls that others a)understand, b)can teach and c)sometimes can understand cross-species. This certainly argues for some kind of communication/social order.</font color=green> <br> <br>None of this disproves anything I previously stated. <br> <br>[color=green]The example you should think of is not one human leading others but of a group of people, say in danger in the outdoors from lack of water, defferring to one who has more knowledge than them. Animals are great at learning stuff from their elders, something we may or may not need dependant on the sanity and wisdom of ours.</font color=green> <br> <br>Here again, you impose social values on to the non-human animal world. You cannot equate a complex relationship like that of a wolf pack to a complex relationship like that of humans and an expert authority. The overlap of institutions and relations do not resemble each other at all. <br> <br>[color=green]Btw, the 'food-chain' is not labelled that</font color=green>... <br> <br>I know that, but some people don't. Part of my reply was to dispell the myth of the food chain (another example of anthropomorphism). <br> <br>[color=green]What does this all add up to: 1) don't misuse/conflate terms</font color=green> <br> <br>What are you talking about? <br> <br>[color=green]2) understand that although 'hierarchies' and 'dominance' have an understandably bad name in our human world, in the animal world they are undertaken for different reasons.</font color=green> <br> <br>So, previously you called me anthrocentric but here you're using human definitions to the non-human animal world. <br> <br>Nothing that you have stated has disproved that domination and hierarchy are only human phenomenon (especially since humans identified and defined the terms). You can't equate human relationships to those of non-human animals. I always thought that that was obvious. <br> <br>Wow. You're incredibly arrogant for not making any sense.

Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Steppenwolf » Sun Mar 02, 2003 8:20 pm

Apologies: this will be a 'high-horse' post. Think of it as spreading knowledge in an arrogant fashion. <br> <br>'Hierarchy: a system or organisation in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority' <br> <br>Yours: "Hierarchy is a social phenomenon". You seem to missed the &lt;i&gt;entire&lt;/i&gt; point of my post, which was: "...stunningly anthropocentric in that it regards only humans as having social order." To miss my rather more complicated point than yours, I'll break it down: <br> <br>Your conception: we're foisting off our (human) perspective of what social order is on animals, when they operate under nothing more than biological (read Darwinian) models of self-preservation &amp; procreation. [N.B. this &lt;I&gt;is&lt;/i&gt; a common misnoma in animal rights organisations s&lt;/i&gt;et al] <br> <br>My conception: Our human conception of social order is largely based on animal models, is derived from it, and &lt;B&gt;before advanced language&lt;/b&gt;, was probably similar if not the same. &lt;Advanced&gt; Language inserts here a differenciation (or to put it Foucault: the beginnings of micropower) Basic Darwinian theory explains little (barring trite &amp; crude expolations of 'altruism=self-interest really') about complex &lt;B&gt;social&lt;/b&gt; interactions within animals.&lt;B&gt;This is not to say that 'might is right' or any other simple &amp; crude theory of human interaction, that dates way back to Callicles [Plato, Republic], is correct&lt;/b&gt;. <br> <br>I'll put it simply: animals DO have social orders, and they DO form hierarchies, in which one animal, or a pair, often function as leaders of troups/groups. Hierarchal males often enjoy priveleged mating chances, better food etc whilst females often enjoy care &amp; attention of other females (since they have first preference for breeding). It should be noted that carnivores &lt;i&gt;do&lt;/i&gt; usually form this kind of relation, but herbivores do also, the bias being due mainly to time-energy maxims. (i.e. meat=more energy=more free time). Language within animals is hotly debated, but various animals (from primates to felines to birds etc etc) have signifying calls that others a)understand, b)can teach and c)sometimes can understand cross-species. This certainly argues for some kind of communication/social order. <br> <br>The difference is, of course, that no animal acts in a deliberatly harmful way to its pack/troup; by having leaders that are the 'best' (healthiest etc) the &lt;I&gt;entire&lt;/i&gt; pack/group has a better chance of survival. The example you should think of is not one human leading others but of a group of people, say in danger in the outdoors from lack of water, defferring to one who has more knowledge than them. Animals are great at learning stuff from their elders, something we may or may not need dependant on the sanity and wisdom of ours. <br> <br>This is obviously false in humans because of: a) technology and b) language. Not 'self-consciousness' or anything else, merely these two- they provide a way not to have to rely on group harmony (see nomadic peoples etc) and more importantly, the ability to lie to others. (See K. Popper, formations of early language &amp; lying). <br> <br>Btw, the 'food-chain' is not labelled that, and hasn't unless you've only done GSCE (yr 15-16) science. The label is 'food-web'- the obvious difference being a web unravels if you cut some of the strings. See 'Predator averaging of herbivore populations' for an example: the old (your) model was that popluations limited themselves by die off etc- you get a boom in the bottom, everything gets a boom= more herbivores= more predators etc BUT when there is less (bottom) food, the lack goes all the way up and equals it out. New model= populations are regulated by predation, mainly (not in unusal circumstances, but these are rare) and no predation= the above effect (die off due to over-breeding etc). That's a food-web. Food chains don't exist, in the way that Newtonian physics doesn't do space/time very well- they may work in a small, limited examination, but ecology really isn't about that. <br> <br>Btw: 'Domineer: To assert one's will over another in an arrogant way'. 'Dominate: have a commanding influence on; exercise control over'. <br> <br>Animals do neither, unless you're talking about the population limitation thing, and they don't do that with intent. In fact, my post may be described as 'domineering' or trying to exert 'dominance' but animals &lt;B&gt;really don't&lt;/b&gt; and the suggestion they do is ludicrous. Understand that the 'exercise control over' means with intention, not as a by-product of 'what works' (i.e. creates a dynamic but semi-stable food-web). <br> <br>What does this all add up to: 1) don't misuse/conflate terms and 2) understand that although 'hierarchies' and 'dominance' have an understandably bad name in our human world, in the animal world they are undertaken for different reasons. The anthropomorphic tendancy is to equate the two, when it is our (post-technological) western way of putting it. Wolf packs do have 'alpha male/female pair'- and when all they separate to hunt they greet each other when they all meet up by a huge round of crying, barking, mock-shagging and horse (wolf?) play. If you haven't seen it, try to get some tape of it. It's truely pure joy to see. These 'alpha pair' do fight for the position and get perks. But they also give far more to the pack than any others. This isn't to argue for a &lt;I&gt;human&lt;/i&gt; version of this, since because of technology and language &lt;B&gt;we can do it differently&lt;/b&gt;. Wolves do it this way, not purely because it gives them a Darwinian advantage, but because they (seem? fuck it, DO!) enjoy social interaction. In their life-style it is beneficial to have an alpha-pairing since hunting is hugely costly in energy, time &amp; skill, and the pairing gives a 'point' to a hunting wedge. Nomadic people often assume the same way of life, but hardly defer to their 'chief/leader/etc' as we do to positions of authority! The relation being 'best person at the moment for the job, with discussion &amp; dissent a given' rather than the (western, puritanical) 'I am your Boss/leader: obey me or be gone'. I think you are conflating all types of power to the rather ugly kind we 'enjoy/suffer' at the moment. <br> <br>Ho-hum. Am going on a bit, will argue this more (politely) if you want. Start another thread about 'power relations' if you want- I'm sure to rant at you [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/tongue.gif[/img] [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img]

Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Guest » Sat Mar 01, 2003 3:44 pm

[color=green]Oh, and to Anonymous- hiearchies /do/ occur in the natural world- your viewpoint seems stunningly anthropocentric in that it regards only humans as having social order. A simple rebuttal is wolf packs, or any social animal, whose behaviour is the basis for our own. Animals don't govern each other, but they do form hierarchies</font color=green>... <br> <br>That's simply not true. Hierarchy is a social phenomenon. A wolf pack is unit based in biological necessity to survive and procreate. It is nothing like a hierarchy and to impose social values on non-human animals is the definition of anthropomorphism. <br> <br>That aside, I also do not believe that the so-called food chain is hierarchical. Personally, I think the idea of animal rights is ridiculous in that they can't abide by them and many animals are carnivores... so with an anthropomorphic analysis-- how is animals eating other animals not domination?

Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Steppenwolf » Mon Feb 24, 2003 7:20 pm

Sorry to bump an (almost) interred thread, but my response took longer than expected... [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/wink.gif[/img] so apologies [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/frown.gif[/img] (I assume the two central posters are still working/moved on? If not, this could further the art of truely guerilla posting) <br>Still, the upside is that I've now got a handle on Foucault, so the Kantian language will have dissapeared... <br> <br>To keep it general, I agree with the many of the points raised- and it was mind-blowlingly great to see truely informed ethical debate in an anarchist setting! <br> <br>To espouse the point I was trying make about Nietzche et al. The problem seems, to me, in creating a subjective guiding force, relitivism will /always/ rear its ugly head if the terminology &amp; classical viewpoint of morality is retained. Although I agree with Foucault &amp; Kevehs that environmental factors play a huge role in creating/formation of morality, the whole topic seems squewed in that it can equally be argued that capitalism creates a 'universal subjective opinion' both in good ways (murder=bad, unless you're a government,but that's a question of implementation etc) and in bad (chopping forests down to wipe your arse with=good). This seems to in contention, otherwise it wouldn't be being discussed on an anarchist board [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/tongue.gif[/img] <br> <br>My point is that the dualism between the subjective &amp; laws of physics models is part of the problem- in thinking that such a dualism exists, you beg the question &amp; stuff the idea of morality in totality. The 'Will to power' point was supposed (although I didn't explain it, my fault) to point towards a fresh conception of morality. In placing the WtP as a driving force of the 'subject' (given N's &amp; Fou's position on the fragmentary &amp; illusionary nature of the 'self') what N is trying to propose a 'system' (i.e. immanent-not-system) in which the striving for truth &amp; morality are the same thing. The WtP is an unfullfillable striving for truth without any Kantian absolute/nouemenal 'laws of physics'. The problems of this are evident in that they fall foul of the Kant problem, in that it makes morality a thing you're either 'in' or 'out' of. <br> <br>To put forward an alternative, that I (personally &amp; subjectively) think goes some way to solving this &amp; is incredibly useful for deep-green ecologists (my central concern) &amp; anarchists alike is the removal of the whole problem of subjective-universal, general-particular. Deleuze suggests (at length, and very sexily) that the problem is (very general here, sorry) that a) the Hegelian insistance of a dialectic model that includes the negative is totally unnessecary &amp; flawed and b) that predicating moral (and other things, but on point) general-particular models such as the theory of Normative Behaviour etc favoured by physcologists n modern ethicists misses the essential nature of Difference within our world. To cut it short- Deleuze wants to make morality etc based on a notion of positive (non-negative) Difference, where difference is not a Hegelian is &amp; is not but a qualitative Difference, where creativity &amp; positive change are viewed as central &amp; constitutive, rather than the old misconceptions about exclusion etc. To make more of this, I'd have to go on about Actual &amp; Virtual Multiplicities but only if this isn't a dead thread! [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img] <br> <br>This isn't to argue for reltivism- I've hardly given Deleuze credit &amp; would need to argue more focusedly for it to make much sense, but the point is that the creation of new models (non-governing, but also not merely social constructs of convience) is not only required, but unlike, for instance Derrida &amp; other p-m'ists, 'modern' (read current) conceptions are flawed because they are mistaken. At the end of it, Deleuze's (and Gutarri's) model seems to be much more in line with a creation of new paradigms that Anarchism &amp; D-G ecology not only require, but desire, in order to correct the current miasma. <br> <br>Oh, and to Anonymous- hiearchies /do/ occur in the natural world- your viewpoint seems stunningly anthropocentric in that it regards only humans as having social order. A simple rebuttal is wolf packs, or any social animal, whose behaviour is the basis for our own. Animals don't govern each other, but they do form hierarchies (a technicality, but important! [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/wink.gif[/img] Btw, A good instance of meat eaters who genuinely respect what they eat was shown on the crap-box recently- Bushmen who chase down their food over 8 hrs. But I digress, not going to get into primitivist/ecological stuff [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img] <br> <br>Hope this gets read/is interesting etc. The idea of posting to a post just about to be interred is somewhat creepy... <br> <br>[Edit- a link to some Deleuze stuff is http://lists.village.virginia.edu/~spoons/d-g_html/d-g.html ]

Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Guest » Sat Jan 11, 2003 10:55 am

I don't believe it to be feeling above that which they eat. The idea of a food chain is a fallacy. There is no hierarchy in nature- its more like an intricate ecological web. <br> <br>Hierarchy is a social construction and does not apply to nature. <br>

Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Guest » Thu Dec 12, 2002 8:47 am

that'd be a request to be made of Pom. currently for lack of storage space, everything goes after 90 days i think.

Re: Morality and Self-Interest

Post by Kieranarchy » Wed Dec 11, 2002 11:54 pm

Don't delete this thread.

Re: Morality and other things

Post by Kevehs » Tue Jul 09, 2002 4:19 pm

Welcome to the discussion Steppenwolf, I'm very sorry it took so long for me to reply. I returned from a trip only two days ago and have been relatively busy. <br> <br>[color=green] This is partly why, in Kant, the intent of a moral action is far more important than the outcome- he simply could not allow for a truely moral action to have a immoral outcome. </font color=green> <br> <br>I think I agree with your summary of Kant, for the most part. However, it seems as though Kant's only real support for a maxim based morality was that it was the only kind of morality compatible with the system he developed. If we are all big K Kantians then I suppose I could understand why we would all be forced into the position of accepting that morality consists of maxims, but for those who object to various Kantian assumptions and arguments, and for those who only partially accept Kant's philosophy, I don't see any compelling reason to advocate a maxim based morality, given Svo's criticism. <br> <br>Also, isn't it possible, in theory, to have an a priori case for general morality that is void of content? In other words, couldn't we have a kind of built in urge toward morality, that comes before all experience, but only generates specific content after experience? Actually, this sounds a lot like a synthetic a priori. From what I recall Kant believed that morality was not synthetic, but is there a reason that it could not be? <br> <br>[color=green] Why does morality /have/ to be purely relitivist? </font color=green> <br> <br>I'm not sure that Svo was suggesting this, and I know I was not. From the case Svo gives I would prefer to hold a subjective morality, and from my own thoughts I can't imagine constructing a justification of morality that is not subjective and still coherent with my skepticism. However, neither of these positions would necessitate that morality is subjective, it could be objective in fact and disagreeable, or objective in fact but unknowable. <br> <br>[color=green] but surely the point of the 'will to power' is that there /is/ some kind of metaphysical 'truth' [not 'the truth' but simply a search/striving for truth]. </font color=green> <br> <br>If this is the argument for rejecting a purely subjectivist morality than I am confused. In what way would the search for truth imply the existence of or attainability of truth? <br> <br>[color=green] To remove this seems to place ethics into a simple paradox- it isn't based on anything but opinion, yet strives to govern our actions. </font color=green> <br> <br>It always seems wrong to me to reduce subjectivity to opinion, as though my subjective beliefs are merely a matter of whim. Even subjective beliefs are subject to environmental influence, and a universal subjective seems nearly as strong to me as an actual objective belief. Furthermore, Svo and I seem to have disagreed on this point, but I feel that the place of morality is to guide our actions, and this is distinct from governance thereof. What better to guide or govern our action than a system of belief that arises from our own subjective viewpoints? Would you honestly prefer that our morality be determined in the same way that the laws of physics are, as some kind of overriding imperative? <br> <br>[color=green] Would be interested to know if anyone had read Deleuze, and will reply with my own thoughts if invited </font color=green> <br> <br>Consider yourself formally invited, I've never read this person but am eager to learn more information relevant to our discussion.

Re: Morality and other things

Post by svoboda » Fri Jun 28, 2002 2:02 am

[color=blue]I presume this thread is still open?</font color=blue> <br> <br>Yeah, it's very open - you are very welcome to join, Steppenwolf, - but one of the participants in this discussion (myself) is very busy with the schoolwork at the moment, and will be unable to respond in the next week or so. But I am very interested in continuing this discussion, and hope that Kevehs is interested too. <br> <br>I'm sorry, Kevehs, I've been very inefficient lately. The damn thesis is killing me [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/frown.gif[/img]

Re: Morality and other things

Post by Steppenwolf » Thu Jun 27, 2002 5:08 pm

Hi there [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img] I posted briefly before, and hardly expect anyone to remember me, but was interested in joining this lengthy debate. I've quickly read the mass of debate you two (Kevehs &amp; svoboda) have generated, and don't think I can quickly jump in easily, so a couple of questions and an answer about Kant. (I presume this thread is still open?) <br> <br>In answer to the Kant question, I think it goes like this: Kant believed maxims were a neccessity for moral action because his definition of morality was a maxim that ought to become/be treated as an universal law. Maxim= subjective judgement, universal law= a priori. Faculty of understanding governs pure concepts (from Critique of Pure Reason) and synthesises intuitions (governed by the imagination) into experience. Experience is based on these a priori concepts allowing judgement. [The Catagories] However, Universal Laws are essentially to do with the noumenal, whilst judgements are to do with the phenonemal, and so are governed not by the understanding but the faculty of reason. Reason /cannot/ govern anything to do with the phenonemal, and so Kant is left with the subject having both a phenonemal self (the empirical) and a noumenal self (the transcendental self) that we /cannot/ experience, but can hypothesis- or later, in the Critique of Judgement, reach through experience of the sublime. Thus Kant is forced to say that although humans can only ever experience moral judgements through maxims, we ought by necessity to treat them as universal laws as it is only by being a priori etc that they can be truely moral. This is partly why, in Kant, the intent of a moral action is far more important than the outcome- he simply could not allow for a truely moral action to have a immoral outcome. *phew* Hope that helps (??!) <br> <br>Anyhow, onto the questions: <br> <br>Why does morality /have/ to be purely relitivist? (I think this was the gist, not sure?) Surely you can have an immanent (i.e non- transcendental) morality that can contain something other than crass relitivism? From what you've said about Foucault (I have read 'Crime &amp; Punish', am about to start 'The order of things' &amp; his lectures on power) his philosophy certainly springs from Nietzsche (particularily the Geaneology of Morality) in that fear forms memory, that then forms the basis for moral actions, but surely the point of the 'will to power' is that there /is/ some kind of metaphysical 'truth' [not 'the truth' but simply a search/striving for truth]. To remove this seems to place ethics into a simple paradox- it isn't based on anything but opinion, yet strives to govern our actions. <br> <br>Hope this doesn't seem too simplistic, am merely trying to 'enter the water' as it were [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img] <br> <br>Would be interested to know if anyone had read Deleuze, and will reply with my own thoughts if invited [img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img]

Re: Morality and other things

Post by Kevehs » Tue Jun 18, 2002 4:43 pm

[color=blue] Sure, but I would think that it is the honest communication of their feelings that you appreciate, not the pain. </font color=blue> <br> <br>[color=green] Maybe both? I have no doubt about the honest communication bit - I definitely appreciate it, but the pain bit is tricky, because I think I learn much better from painful experiences, and the more suffering an experience causes to me, the more I tend to value the experience. </font color=green> <br> <br>You masochist! Actually, I suppose that some of my most painful experiences have been my most educational. I wouldn't want to repeat those experiences, but that is probably why they made such an impression on me, and why I wouldn't want to erase them either. Still, I don't generally look to painful experiences with the intent of educating myself, so we might want to be even more wary of looking toward painful experiences with the intent of educating others. As we both seem to agree, pain could be a possible consequence of our interaction, but should not be the end or direct method. <br> <br>[color=green] Maybe. I think it may depend on what I've done. If I've done something really horrible, I might think that I "deserve" to suffer and welcome the intentional imposition of pain. Also, the outcome would probably be important to me. If I knew that the communication was made with the aim of causing pain, yet the communication has helped me a great deal in my work towards self-improvement, the value of the outcomes may overshadow the fact that the pain was caused intentionally. </font color=green> <br> <br>Sure. <br> <br>[color=green] Yes. Also, some may have extremely thin skin and be terribly hurt by a trivial remark. In such cases, an attempt to communicate disapproval may do more harm than good. And, of course, often there is no way of knowing whether the expression of disapproval is necessary at all: the wrongdoer may know that what they've done is wrong (although may not show that they know it). </font color=green> <br> <br>That is one of the reasons the entire subject is so problematic. If we intentionally cause pain through our actions with the primary purpose of providing moral education to another, and that pain either doesn't lend to the purpose or isn't necessary because the person already knew the content of the "lesson," then it seems like we have done something wrong, perhaps very wrong. <br> <br>[color=green] I don't know. Some may start considering the moral side of punishment (as Christie recommends), some may not. In the later case there may be a real danger of excessive punishments. What Christie seems to be suggesting is making punishment a purely emotional matter, and I fear that too much emotions (negative emotions, anger in particular) may become destructive. </font color=green> <br> <br>Yes. <br> <br>[color=green] I think we need to distinguish between the perspective of the wrongdoer and the victim. I agree that as far as the victim is concerned, often (although not always) no matter how much the wrongdoer attempts to rectify the damage, they cannot totally expunge the harm (especially emotional), and their wrongdoing will continue to create an obstacle to good relations between themselves and the victim. But as far as the wrongdoer is concerned, I think if s/he genuinely repents the wrongdoing and makes such reparation as s/he can, then the significance of the wrongdoing could be reversed, and the wrongdoing could be annulled. </font color=green> <br> <br>Actually I had been thinking of it from the opposite perspective. I know some things I have done in the past for which I have never forgiven myself, the effects of which I still see present in certain people's lives. Many of those involved had forgiven (or forgotten) me a long time ago, but the guilt and the feeling that I have done something that cannot be rectified still remains. <br> <br>Anyway, I see where you are coming from, that sometimes the damage can at least repaired to the point that it is no longer a problem for anyone involved. <br> <br>[color=blue] Sounds very problematic. I think I would indeed disassociate without attempting to employ such coercion, unless I felt there was a high danger in such a course of action (i.e. there was a great likelihood of future negative interaction with this person as a consequence of the attempt to disassociate). </font color=blue> <br> <br>[color=green] Yes. This is a very important point. Disassociation may be a very dangerous game. It is difficult to predict the likelihood of future negative consequence, because you never know how the person is going to react to your disassociation, and your disassociation may produce their anger and a desire to retaliate against you. </font color=green> <br> <br>I agree. One thing that often bothers me on this subject is the standard belief that disassociation is an all or nothing event. Either the people involved are full members of a closely-knit community, or they are complete aliens with whom we shun all contact. It seems to me that to some point disassociation can be a positive thing, when our goals are somewhat close such that we desire a certain level of interaction, but also diverge such that we wish to retain some independence on other levels. I am reminded here of a small part a book by Iain M. Banks called "Excession," in which one part of an anarchist society diverges from another due to relatively minor ideological differences, but both remain quite friendly and supportative of their mutual goals. I think we should stress the importance of disassociation as a means of ensuring greater cooperation and cohesion amongst fairly distinct ideologies rather than purely as a kind of threat to those who "violate" our standards. Disassociation can be a very good thing sometimes, and I think we should prefer to apply it in conditions where most agree that it is desirable. <br> <br>[color=blue] In that case I might agree to employ coercive measures in order to have them hear us out, if I couldn't think of anything else, but I wouldn't claim that this was something we "should" have done, or something that was really justified. It seems too easy for such a situation to result in consequences I would not find acceptable for me to actually advocate such a method. </font color=blue> <br> <br>[color=green] Consequences such as? </font color=green> <br> <br>Actually, after your clarification that the methods would not be violent the consequences with which I have a problem are insignificant. <br> <br>[color=green] From what you've said, it appears that you are considering very carefully consequences for yourself, but do you not also have a moral obligation to consider consequences for others? </font color=green> <br> <br>Good point, and this reminds me of our talk about a potentially lethal cure and animal experiments. Apparently I was too narrow-minded to see the consequences for others in that situation as well. <br> <br>[color=green] I have no problem with your position if the only person who is affected, or who can be potentially affected, if the wrongdoer continues their wrongdoing, is you. But very often there are others who may be victimized, unless the wrongdoer is made to realise the social costs of their actions. Suppose, you know beyond all doubt that person X likes to strangle animals. </font color=green> <br> <br>[img]/wwwthreads/images/icons/smile.gif[/img] <br> <br>[color=green] Don't you feel you have a moral duty to confront that individual and make him listen to you? Of course, if he doesn't want to listen to you, he probably won't listen anyway, but don't you feel you should at least try to make him listen? </font color=green> <br> <br>Yes, I think you have a very good point, as usual. I'm not trying to say that you have implied otherwise, however, for the record I should note that I believe that those who have expressed an interest in strangling animals on this forum are joking, or at least I hope they are. <br> <br>[color=green] I probably need to clarify what I meant by "a degree of coercion" in my previous post. I didn't mean violent methods. I meant confronting someone and telling them what they probably don't want to hear. Or would you consider confronting someone to be a form of violence? </font color=green> <br> <br>Maybe if we stretch the word a bit. However, I don't deny violence itself by principle, so even if it is a form of violence it doesn't seem necessarily all that bad to me. In fact, I think that at times it could be very good for all participants. <br> <br>[color=green] I don't think morality will lose meaning if it didn't consist in maxims. </font color=green> <br> <br>Given our conversation on the topic I agree with you. This is why I wanted to find out why Kant did not, and I am rather frustrated at myself for having forgotten.

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